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get away from the atmosphere of flour and sugar, of pan washing and mind-dulling scrubbing. With his tempera­ment, something was bound to catch Norm's attention and lead him into another life, and it was really only chance that that attraction was magic.
One part of Norm's life was his work at the bakery. The part that should have been his home life was sadly af­fected by his mother's illness, so that his father had to put the child­ren in an orphanage from time to time, so that he could continue to work. An older brother was in the Navy, but two other brothers and a sister, plus Norm, were all school children. A local barber, one Herman Raditz, did magic at night in the town bars, and a gas station mechanic (Ralph Pharr) knew a few tricks. Norm discovered and was fascinated by the magic he saw done by these local friends, and even more fas­cinated when they taught him some tricks. He was woefully shy and inclined to be a weak youngster, which made him very anxious to find something of his own to cling to. Magic seemed to be that thing -- his own precious possession that helped to mask the rest of his not-too-happy life.
Even stronger inspiration showed up when a Houdini Club Convention was held in the next town. Norm went, and saw more magic and magicians than he ever thought existed in the whole world. Neil Foster and Al Sharpe were on the show and that did it for Norm. From that moment on, he knew he had to be a magician himself.
He had plenty of handicaps. Besides being shy and not very strong, he stut­tered and feared being in front of people. He told his father about his ambitions* and, as might be expected, met with instant disapproval. A man trying to raise a family by himself isn't going to think kindly of a son who wants to go into show business. As fate would have it, Norm's brother, who did enjoy the baking business and might have bridged the gap, was killed in a motorcycle accident about that
time. Norm took another deep breath and plunged back into working at the bakery before and after school.
But he never let a moment of the rest of his day go by without preparing for his future. He took as many art classes as he could in his four years in high school, he took speech classes to over­come the stutter and to perfect him­self in addressing a group. He tried to make himself ready to play a show.
The show, the first one, was a Christ­mas show at the Masonic Temple - for money! The kids moved very close, as they always do, and Norm's mind kept going back to the rabbit he had in the dove pan, plus the rest of his fifteen minutes of tricks. He suff­ered during that first show, but he did it. He proved to himself that magic can be made to pay.
At the end of high school, with his mother ill, and his father still ob­durate on the subject of magic as a life's work, Norm took all his courage in his hands and announced he was going to California. He drove out there with a friend who was going to take some other kind of training, but Norm made for the Chavez School and signed up. He also went to Lockheed and got hired for the graveyard shift. The Chavez School was everything he dreamed of, and his idol, Neil Foster, while not there at that time, was always in his mind as his inspiration.
When he was laid off by Lockheed, he became a busboy in a restaurant. He didn't care what he did, as long as it enabled him to stay and study at the Chavez School. He had several lucky breaks which were most helpful. He auditioned for, and got, a spot on a local TV show. And he picked up some realistic magic experience by working for a time in the school circuits with Chuck Kirkham, an excellent magician.
Norm was in the Chavez School for three years, during which time he became a most skillful manipulator. He created a top flight act of cards, coins and

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